The utility sector of the economy is one of the largest consumers of the unfinished legal matters tax, heat and electric energy. Modern life is impossible without energy services. Comfortable living conditions are equipped with lighting, heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, household appliances. The domestic communications, information and entertainment service implemented via apple, tv, computers, etc. One who has learned to save electricity, water, LAMPO, the gas in his apartment, a better understanding of the need for energy saving in apartment house in the working and
Due to its geographical location Belarus is a country with a relatively cold climate. The duration of the heating period is about 200 days, which determines a significant part of the energy is used for heating. At the household level consumed almost 40% of the total number of unfinished legal affairs tax and energy resources Tosovalto. Consumed housing and utilities, thermal energy is used for heating (60-70%) of hot water and including(30-40%).
Unfortunately, the effectiveness of the domestic us Tosovalto energy consumption is very low. Hot water Heating and apartment the average family of 3-4 yearly CHP person or to burn in the boilers of more than 3. During the year, in Addition, as the family consume from 1200 to 1800 kWh of electricity. These values are an average of 2 times in the industrialized higher than in European countries with comparable climates. This energy comfort in homes is much smaller: missing many of the modern equipment, in the regions, often enough ti high temperature, poor air quality. Energy and domestic comfort largely determines the quality of life population, human health, availability of free time.
Domestic, Comparative and foreign figures indicate the significant potential for energy savings at the household level, in particular thermal energy and the need for the implementation of the project, where the goal is to save energy, resources and improve people's quality of life. To solve these problems, according to the State program "energy Saving", the sum of the long and series and short-term-term events.
Katja hämäläinen: conditions for the success of their solutions are as follows:
- psychological disposition and desire of the population to save energy;
- information on ways to save energy and use their ability in everyday life;
- the eager attitude of the people towards the use of energy comfort on a subconscious level, the internal discipline of careful energy consumption.
If the first two can be achieved in a relatively short period of time, because the economic and institutional incentives, information and education measures, the implementation of the latter requires a long time, because it requires the formation of man from childhood to certain standards and behavior habits because of concerns about the future of energy and environmental welfare of our planet. This vuoksi and arranged Tosovalto is an improved multi-stage system of education in the field of energy saving, constant information and advertising works.
To a large extent are dwight energy saving potential in the housing sector can be implemented in a short time the tenants with simple, affordable and effective ways. It is important to understand the energy savings, is not a rejection of comfort, but a way to ensure the necessary conditions for the life of the individual and society Generally limited the amount of primary energy resources.
The basic principles of developing programmes to reduce household energy consumption
Where to start working to reduce energy consumption? First you need to determine the consumption of different and resources the amount of payment, which is a kind of do an energy audit. This helps the counters (if any), and their share in energy consumption in simple and as well as the calculations with the measurements. It is desirable to determine the average or unit value of the resource consumption for different periods of time (week, month, year). It is a prerequisite for a permanent job and a systematic energy efficiency. To assess the potential energy savings it is necessary to compare the obtained values, standards and European performance.
This will help to answer the first question – to save a life is important? The logical answer is the one that counts, because it will bring You immediate benefits. Naturally, expensive to implement energy efficiency measures, which may direct and to bring immediate savings needs after their detailed analysis of the benefits from the implementation. Here we in vain in vain is considered the electrical energy payment energy the other is divided ţāsān a large number of consumers. However, men should know that savings are the source of energy to reduce overall consumption and overall spending for it, and budget including. In addition, the situation is gradually changing: sooner or if you take into account all the energy, and the one who had to learn to save them, it is much easier. If you take energy resources into account everything, it is necessary to relate the costs of implementation of energy saving measures, and benefits, so investment. This leads to All of the program and objectives of the energy savings of Your activities and also defines the expected impact.
Consider the possible areas of saving all types consumed in the home energy.
Economy of heat energy.
Currently, heat meters, not widespread, for several reasons: high price, insufficient research and measurement accuracy, etc. However, this issue can be viewed from a different perspective: how to maintain enough in the apartment to a comfortable temperature with poor heating? A man must first prepare the heating system.
Heaters should be washed inside and regularly empty the dust outside. During use, the inner surface is covered with rust and scale; sometimes the thickness of the deposits reaches a value that prevents significant canal water, not to mention the heat transfer. To ensure proper airflow, do not clutter the space furniture close to heating equipment. It is strictly forbidden to close their decorative plates, panels and even curtains, because in addition to the drastic reduction of heat transfer increases heat losses. Reduce heat loss through the wall behind the radiator and improves the air circulation is recommended to increase the distance between the device and the wall. It is recommended to install the convection heaters-reflective screen and a heat insulating layer. Restrict the transfer of the heated riga types of surface of inner glass Windows katja hämäläinen: installing the wide window sill. Paint radiators with oil paint reduces heat transfer by 8-13 %, so it is recommended to use the zinc oxide.
Together with the problem of inadequate heating is a problem paratope. Paratope usually suffer from citizens of Loviisa closest to the heating sources for homes. The reason paratope – unbalanced heating system. So it raises the output - that man must regulate himself. You can do this, it seems, is the heating-pipes (1) bypass (4). Perhaps the builders simply "forgot" to install it. Then install the bypass (4) and thermostat (2) or even a simple ball valve allows you to adjust the amount of coolant through the heater (3) and adjust the room temperature.
Problem cold, the situation is much more complex. The reason for in the homes of low temperature is not a bad quality heating and a huge heat loss. Specific consumption of thermal energy per square meter of housing in the 2-4 times we Tosovalto (depending on the particular type of building) is higher than in European countries with comparable climates. This suggests that even delivered to the production and warmth in the house a lot, but soon it disappears. Heat losses of buildings according to the beltes on average, distributed as follows:
- Windows – 36%;
- ventilation – 28%;
- walls – 26%;
- tile, basement – 10%.
The major consideration Because the heat loss through the Windows, then insulate (better change) should be first and foremost. The most effective way is to install double glazed windows you. It is proposed Now, that many of the structures, different abilities to retain heat, service life, environment and properties, therefore, the price. Usual double-glazed Windows contained between the panes and dry air for nothing different from the normal Windows high integrity, the level of cleaning and a more aesthetic appearance. Available in vacuum double pane Windows and double-glazed Windows filled with inert gases. They have high heat resistance. The glass can be coated with a low emissivity termootrazhayuschim layer, which prevents the withdrawal of heat radiation in the form and to reduce heat loss from the windows of 30-35%. Double glazing, manufactured with the latest technology is the thermal resistance than traditional exterior walls. The use of the camera Windows is installed, instead of glass-standard text. This will be triple glazing, which allows even more to reduce the loss of heat.
If the installation of double glazed Windows means no, so the man need to take care to reduce heat loss through your current Windows. First of all, the glass is cleaned, then skimp on the coverage. Secondly, it is necessary and remove all the cracks leaks. You can glue the paper, but this should be done in calm weather. To remove the gaps between the frame and the box with concrete, you can use the foam. Glass should be intact. Cheap and very effective solution is to groove the outer shell of the inner surface of the auxiliary grooves and the extra glass (in good condition binding) or transparent polymer film. Turns out, triple glazing heat loss through Windows and decreases by 20-30%. Reduce the humidity in the ties between the it is recommended to use adsorbents. Dry riga types of thermal conductivity is smaller and further and reduce the intensity of the fogging, icing of glasses. In the winter it is recommended to hang blackout curtains, which do not cover radiators. Glazing of balconies loggias help and overall to reduce the heat loss through the 10...13 %. Reduce heat loss through doorways, man need to install a double-door, the door several seals, arrange lobbies.
Then the man must take care of ventilation, which cause a number of extra winter traction. Kitchen air vent-phone with covers partially, in the bathroom close and all, because this can help you moisturize too dry riga types (winter in riga types of heated room that has low humidity, which negatively affects health) to create warmth and feeling. In addition, it is recommended to insulate the external walls, if the corner of the room, and the walls of the stairwell.
To save electricity
Save electricity, use kun electric stoves.
Firstly, man must have the option stove: electro science, elektrokofemolke, furnaces, which are much higher efficiency.
Secondly, the stove is serviceable. Propavshaya, chipped and swellings, dirty resistors are significantly inferior to perform their duties, unless of course you do.
Thirdly, man must have the necessary tools. Every time, man must choose the size of the containers, suitable the situation. Should be All the dishes with lids. The fact is that without cover, a man needs two times more energy and do not care, no cover at all or it is not really tight. Of the cookware the bottom of the electric oven, you should have a smooth tightly and set on the heating element. Cooking or boiling Kun water, it is recommended to turn it off the burners several early complete or boiling water, thus saving you up to 20% energy due to the thermal inertia of the heated burners. Cooking Kun several dishes, you can save 10-30% of electricity, if you use the still hot burner preheated water to the cooked dishes are used, if you use the pre-settled water at room temperature, cold from the tap does not directly.
To save energy, the discs when all of the species. Products bay heat treatment, which lasts a long time, it is better to cook in a pressure cooker. At the beginning of cooking, the man will need to install the full capacity of the burner, and when the water boils, reduce it to a minimum, because the boiling point of water depends on the power input of the heat flow, which is 100°C, And the speed of cooking depends on the temperature to no avail. This excess heat is used in vain for water evaporation in the room (humidity) and leads to a waste of energy (electricity or gas) without affecting the cooking time.